Estándar de accesibilidad web / WCAG 2.1 AA, criterio por criterio
WCAG 2.1 AA, criterio por criterio
WCAG (Pautas de Accesibilidad para el Contenido Web) es el estándar técnico al que remiten el European Accessibility Act, EN 301 549 y el Título II de la ADA en EE. UU. Se organiza en torno a cuatro principios — el contenido debe ser Perceptible, Operable, Comprensible y Robusto (POUR) — y tres niveles de conformidad: A, AA y AAA, cada uno más exigente que el anterior.
Cobertura del motor hoy
20
criterios AA cubiertos
19
automatizados hoy
1
necesitan revisión manual
EN 301 549 V3.2.1 (2021-03) / WCAG 2.1 AA
versión del estándar
Informe de ejemplo
WCAG 2.1 AAEjemplo ilustrativo, no son datos reales de un análisis.
Perceptible
La información y los componentes de la interfaz deben presentarse de forma que los usuarios puedan percibirlos — alternativas textuales, subtítulos, contraste suficiente, diseño adaptable.
Non-text content needs a text alternative
Images, icons, and other non-text elements that convey information must have a text alternative a screen reader can announce.
- WCAG
- 1.1.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.1.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(b)(vi)
Structure must be in the markup, not just the visuals
Headings, lists, tables, and form groupings that look structured visually must also be marked up correctly so assistive technology conveys the same structure.
- WCAG
- 1.3.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.3.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Common input fields should identify their purpose
Fields collecting common information (name, address, payment details) should use the correct `autocomplete` value so browsers and assistive technology can identify their purpose.
- WCAG
- 1.3.5
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.3.5
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section IV(g)(ii)
Don't use colour as the only signal
Information conveyed by colour alone (e.g. a link only distinguishable by its colour) is invisible to colour-blind users and anyone on a monochrome or high-contrast display.
- WCAG
- 1.4.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.4.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Auto-playing audio needs a way to stop it
Audio that plays automatically for more than 3 seconds must be pausable, stoppable, or have its volume independently controllable.
- WCAG
- 1.4.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.4.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Text needs enough contrast against its background
Normal text needs a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 against its background; large text (≥18.66px normal weight or ≥14px bold) needs at least 3:1.
- WCAG
- 1.4.3
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.4.3
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(b)(v)
Text must remain usable when zoomed to 200%
Zooming the page to 200% must not clip, overlap, or hide content — the layout should reflow.
- WCAG
- 1.4.4
- EN 301 549
- 9.1.4.4
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(b)(v)
Operable
Los componentes de la interfaz y la navegación deben ser operables, incluso solo con teclado, con tiempo suficiente y sin contenido que provoque convulsiones.
Everything must work with a keyboard alone
All interactive functionality must be operable via keyboard, with no mouse-only interactions or keyboard traps.
- WCAG
- 2.1.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.1.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Time limits must be adjustable
Users must be able to turn off, adjust, or extend any time limit before it expires.
- WCAG
- 2.2.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.2.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Moving or blinking content needs a pause control
Auto-updating, scrolling, or blinking content lasting more than 5 seconds must be pausable, stoppable, or hideable.
- WCAG
- 2.2.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.2.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Provide a way to skip repeated navigation
Pages with repeated blocks of content (navigation menus, headers) need a mechanism to bypass them.
- WCAG
- 2.4.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.4.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Every page needs a descriptive title
Each page must have a non-empty `<title>` that describes its content or purpose.
- WCAG
- 2.4.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.4.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Links need meaningful text
A link's accessible name (its text, or context around it) must describe where it goes or what it does.
- WCAG
- 2.4.4
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.4.4
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Keyboard focus must be visible
Whichever element currently has keyboard focus must have a visible indicator (e.g. an outline).
- WCAG
- 2.4.7
- EN 301 549
- 9.2.4.7
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Comprensible
La información y el funcionamiento de la interfaz deben ser comprensibles — texto legible, comportamiento predecible, ayuda para evitar y corregir errores.
The page's language must be declared
The `<html>` element needs a valid `lang` attribute identifying the page's primary language.
- WCAG
- 3.1.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.3.1.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Language changes within a page must be marked
Passages in a different language from the surrounding content need a `lang` attribute with a valid language code.
- WCAG
- 3.1.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.3.1.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Form errors must be identified in text
When form validation fails, the specific error must be described in text, not conveyed by colour or an icon alone.
- WCAG
- 3.3.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.3.3.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section IV(g)(ii)
Form fields need labels or instructions
Every input needs a visible label or instruction describing what's expected, programmatically associated with the field.
- WCAG
- 3.3.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.3.3.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section IV(g)(ii)
Robusto
El contenido debe ser lo bastante robusto para que las tecnologías de asistencia actuales y futuras, como los lectores de pantalla, lo interpreten de forma fiable.
Markup must be well-formed
HTML must be valid enough for assistive technology to parse reliably — most commonly, no duplicate `id` attributes.
- WCAG
- 4.1.1
- EN 301 549
- 9.4.1.1
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
Interactive elements need a programmatic name, role, and state
Custom controls and ARIA widgets must expose a correct name, role, and state via markup so assistive technology can announce and operate them.
- WCAG
- 4.1.2
- EN 301 549
- 9.4.1.2
- Directiva:
- Annex I, Section III(c)
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